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Sigmoidoscopy (Flexible Sigmoidoscopy)

What To Expect During And After A Sigmoidoscopy

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Examination of the Sigmoid Colon

During a flexible sigmoidoscopy, patients lie on their left side on an examination table.

The doctor inserts a long, flexible, lighted tube called a sigmoidoscope, or scope, into the anus and slowly guides it through the rectum and into the sigmoid colon. The scope inflates the colon with air to give the doctor a better view. A small camera mounted on the scope transmits a video image from inside the colon to a computer screen, allowing the doctor to carefully examine the tissues lining the sigmoid colon and rectum.

The doctor may ask the patient to move periodically so the scope can be adjusted for better viewing.

When the scope reaches the transverse colon, the scope is slowly withdrawn while the lining of the colon is carefully examined again.

Biopsy and Removal of Colon Polyps

The doctor can remove growths, called polyps, during a flexible sigmoidoscopy by using special tools which are passed through the scope. Polyps are common in adults and are usually harmless. However, most colon cancer begins as a polyp, so removing polyps early is an effective way to prevent cancer.

If bleeding occurs, the doctor can usually stop it with an electrical probe or special medications passed through the scope.

During a flexible sigmoidoscopy, the doctor can also take samples from abnormal-looking tissues. Called a biopsy, this procedure allows the doctor to later look at the tissue with a microscope for signs of disease.

Tissue removal and the treatments to stop bleeding are usually painless. If polyps or other abnormal tissues are found, the doctor may suggest examining the rest of the colon with a colonoscopy.


Drawing of the gastrointestinal tract with labels pointing to the ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The ascending colon and the sigmoid colon are shaded.

The sigmoid colon is the last one third of the colon.

A flexible sigmoidoscopy takes about 20 minutes.

Recovery

Cramping or bloating may occur during the first hour after the procedure. Bleeding and puncture of the large intestine are possible but uncommon complications. Discharge instructions should be carefully read and followed.

To help get rid of the gas:

  • Walk if it is not too painful. 
  • Lay on your side like a baby in the womb (the fetal position).

The following side effects are rare. Patients who develop any of these side effects should contact their doctor immediately:

  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Fever
  • Bloody bowel movements
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness

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