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Biologics (also known as Targeted Therapies)

Biologics Common To Colorectal Cancer

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Biologics common to colorectal cancer are:

  • Bevacizumab (Avastin)
    • Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. 
      • Antibodies are compounds which are produced by our own immune system in self-defense against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses or toxins. 
      • Monoclonal antibodies are similar to the antibodies that the human immune system uses to fight off bacteria and viruses, but they are "custom-designed” in a laboratory to target specific cell types.
      • Monoclonal antibodies are generally used in combination with chemotherapy drugs. 
    • Bevacizumab targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is responsible for blood vessel growth in tumor cells.
    • Bevacizumab is given intraveneously over a period of time ranging from 30 minutes to 2 hours.
    • Common side effects include high blood pressure, blood clots, low white blood cell counts, headaches, loss of appetite, mouth sores, and diarrhea. While less likely, Bevacizumab can also cause bleeding, holes forming in the colon and slow wound healing.
  • Cetuximab (Erbitux) –
    • Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that attacks the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).  (See above for information about monoclonal antibodies).
    • Cetuximab is given intravenously through an iv.
    • Reactions to the first infusion are particularly watched because Cetuximab can cause breathing problems and low blood pressure. Other side effects include dry skin, fatigue, fever, constipation and an acne-like rash.
    • For more information, click here.
  • Panitumumab (Vectibix) is similar to the above treatments but is fully human so there are less side-effects.

NOTE: 

  • Panitumumab and cetuximab require a test for a specific gene called kras.  The testing can be done on either the primary tumor or a site to which the cancer has spread (metasticized).  If your tumor is kras wildtype or normal you can get either of these biologics.  If your gene is mutated you are not eligible to receive either of these biologics.
  • For information about dealing with common side effects, click here

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